Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease/ PUD

• Leggit, Jeffrey C. MD, CAQ SM. Evaluation and Treatment of GERD and Upper GI Complaints in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2011 – Volume 10 – Issue 2 – p 109-114
• Waterman, Jason J. MD1; Kapur, Rahul MD, CAQSM2. Upper Gastrointestinal Issues in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March/April 2012 – Volume 11 – Issue 2 – p 99-104

Lower GI/Motility Disorders

• Ho, Garry W.K.. Lower Gastrointestinal Distress in Endurance Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2009 – Volume 8 – Issue 2 – p 85-91

Exercise Related Transient Abdominal Pain- “Side Stitch”

• Viola, Tracey A.. Evaluation of the Athlete With Exertional Abdominal Pain. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2010 – Volume 9 – Issue 2 – p 106-110
• de Oliveira EP, Burini RC, Jeukendrup A. Gastrointestinal complaints during exercise: prevalence, etiology, and nutritional recommendations. Sports Med. 2014 May;44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S79-85

Exercise Associated Intestinal Ischemia

• Moses, Frank M. MD. Exercise-associated Intestinal Ischemia. Current Sports Medicine Reports: April 2005 – Volume 4 – Issue 2 – p 91-95
• Case example: Faress A, Masood S, Mian A. ‘Runs’ from a run: A case of exercise induced ischemic colitis. World J Emerg Med. 2017;8(4):302-304

Elevated Liver Enzymes/Hepatitis

• Anish, Eric J. MD. Viral Hepatitis: Sports-related Risk. Current Sports Medicine Reports: April 2004 – Volume 3 – Issue 2 – p 100-106
• Athlete’s Hepatitis case: Khan H, Phillipose J, Ahmed M, Deeb L. Athlete’s Hepatitis in a Young Healthy Marathon Runner. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr 24;12(1):176-181

GI Infectious Disease

• Boggess, Blake Reid DO. Gastrointestinal Infections in the Traveling Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports: April 2007 – Volume 6 – Issue 2 – p 125-129
• Harris, Mark D. MD, MPH, MBA. Infectious Disease in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2011 – Volume 10 – Issue 2 – p 84-89 (section on Gastroenteritis)
• Jaworski CA, Rygiel V. Acute Illness in the Athlete. Clin Sports Med. 2019 Oct;38(4):577-595 (section on traveler’s diarrhea)

Celiac Disease and the Athlete

• Mancini, Lee A. MD, CSCS*D, CSN1; Trojian, Thomas MD, FACSM2; Mancini, Angela C. MD3. Celiac Disease and the Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2011 – Volume 10 – Issue 2 – p 105-108

^Image 1: Coleman, Nailah. “Gastrointestinal issues in athletes.” Current Sports Medicine Reports 18.6 (2019): 185-187.
^^Image 2: Adam, Jessalynn, and Arthur Jason De Luigi. “Blunt abdominal trauma in sports.” Current sports medicine reports 17.10 (2018): 317-319.

GI/Abdominal Injuries in the Athlete 

• Atkins, Justin M.; Taylor, Jonathan C.; Kane, Shawn F.. Acute and Overuse Injuries of the Abdomen and Groin in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2010 – Volume 9 – Issue 2 – p 115-120 doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181d40080

Liver Injury

• Juyia, Rushad F. Return to play after liver and spleen trauma. Sports Health. 2014 May;6(3):239-45
• Adam, Jessalynn MD; De Luigi, Arthur Jason DO. Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Sports. Current Sports Medicine Reports: October 2018 – Volume 17 – Issue 10 – p 317-319

Rectus Hematoma

• Johnson R. Abdominal wall injuries: rectus abdominis strains, oblique strains, rectus sheath hematoma. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006 Apr;5(2):99-103.
• Rectus Sheath Hematoma: Medscape 
• Example case: https://www.amssm.org/abdominal_swelling_in_a_vo-csa-988.html?StartPos=0&Part=

Renal Trauma

• Bernard, Joseph J.. Renal Trauma: Evaluation, Management, and Return to Play. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2009 – Volume 8 – Issue 2 – p 98-103
• Case example renal trauma: https://www.amssm.org/you_have_got_to_be_kidding-csa-959.html?StartPos=0&Part= 

Splenic Trauma

• Gannon, Elizabeth H.; Howard, Thomas. Splenic Injuries in Athletes: A Review. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March 2010 – Volume 9 – Issue 2 – p 111-114
• Juyia, Rushad F. Return to play after liver and spleen trauma. Sports Health. 2014 May;6(3):239-45
• Adam, Jessalynn MD; De Luigi, Arthur Jason DO. Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Sports. Current Sports Medicine Reports: October 2018 – Volume 17 – Issue 10 – p 317-319
• Case example splenic injury: https://www.amssm.org/more_than_just_a_tackle-csa-968.html?StartPos=0&Part= 

Sports Hernia

• Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills VD, Busconi B. Groin Injuries (Athletic Pubalgia) and Return to Play. Sports Health. 2016 Jul;8(4):313-23
• Swan, Kenneth G Jr. MD; Wolcott, Michelle MD. The Athletic Hernia: A Systematic Review. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: February 2007 – Volume 455 – Issue – p 78-87

Strains

• Johnson R. Abdominal wall injuries: rectus abdominis strains, oblique strains, rectus sheath hematoma. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006 Apr;5(2):99-103.
• Maquirriain J, Ghisi JP, Kokalj AM. Rectus abdominis muscle strains in tennis players. Br J Sports Med. 2007 Nov;41(11):842-8

Testicular Trauma 

• Lavallee, Mark E. MD, CSCS, FACSM*; Cash, Jason MD. Testicular Torsion: Evaluation and Management. Current Sports Medicine Reports: April 2005 – Volume 4 – Issue 2 – p 102-104
• Sandella, Bradley DO; Hartmann, Brett MD; Berkson, David MD; Hong, Eugene MD. Testicular Conditions in Athletes: Torsion, Tumors, and Epididymitis. Current Sports Medicine Reports: March/April 2012 – Volume 11 – Issue 2 – p 92-95

Video

• Gastrointestinal Issues in Sports | National Fellow Online Lecture Series: https://youtu.be/zZnLH6ZnRVI

• Last Updated: 12/19/22
• Contributors (Fall 2022)
  • Justin Stumph, DO, CAQSM, OhioHealth Primary Care and Sports Medicine